From a Bronze Age shoe to a 1,300-year-old ski:

[Neil]

By Phoebe Weston   

Published: 00:01, 24 January 2018 

More than 2,000 remarkably well-preserved hunting artefacts have emerged from melting ice in Norway's highest mountains, dating as far back as 4000 BC.

The incredible finds were made by 'glacial archaeologists' in Jotunheimen and the surrounding areas of Oppland, which include Norway’s highest mountains.

They looked at the edge of the contracting ice and recovered artefacts of wood, textile, hide and other organic materials.

Included in the archaeologists' haul is a ski with preserved binding from 700 AD - only the second one to be preserved globally

A Bronze Age shoe from 1300 BC was one of their finds. More than 2000 incredible artefacts have been found around Norway's highest mountains, dating to as far back as 4000 BC


Included in the archaeologists' haul is a ski with preserved binding from 700 AD (right) - only the second one to be preserved globally - as well as a Bronze Age shoe from 1300 BC (left)

By statistical analysis of radiocarbon dates on these incredibly unusual finds, patterns began to emerge showing that they do not spread out evenly over time.


Researchers found there were particularly high numbers of finds dating to the 8th to 10th centuries AD.

This probably reflected the increased population, mobility (including the mountain passes) and trade that flourished just before and during the Viking Age.

Researchers believe this could be because there was an expanding ecological frontier of towns emerging around Europe at this time.


WHAT ANCIENT TREASURES HAS MELTING ICE REVEALED IN NORWAY AND WHAT DO THEY SHOW?


The discovery of Ötzi the iceman in 1991 may be the most famous find to have grabbed the world's attention, but according to a group of researchers writing in their blog, Secrets if Ice, artefacts from glacial ice were reported already in the early 20th century.

The first known find was an arrow recovered from an ice in Oppdal in Norway in 1914. The summer of the 1930s saw yet more discoveries, with a few finds in Oppland. Things then quietened down in the 1990s with arrows, atlatl darts and paleo-zoological material found in Yukon.

But then a huge melting season in Norway in 2006 started exposes yet more stunning preserved artefacts.


More than 2,000 remarkably well-preserved hunting artefacts have emerged from melting ice in Norway's highest mountains, dating as far back as 4000 BC.

The incredible finds were made by 'glacial archaeologists' in Jotunheimen and the surrounding areas of Oppland, which include Norway’s highest mountains. They include:
An Iron Age arrow from Trollsteinhøe
An arrow from 800 AD
A tunic dated to around 300 AD
An arrowshaft from 3900 BC
11th century stick with an inscription made in the runic alphabet
Ski with preserved binding from 700 AD
Bronze Age shoe from 1300 BC

By statistical analysis of radiocarbon dates on these incredibly unusual finds, patterns began to emerge showing that they do not spread out evenly over time.

Researchers found there were particularly high numbers of finds dating to the 8th to 10th centuries AD.

This probably reflected the increased population, mobility (including the mountain passes) and trade just before and during the Viking Age.

During the Late Antique Little Ice Age (536 to 660 AD) there was an increase in activity.

This was a time of cooling; harvests ay have failed and populations may have dropped.

Mountain hunting (mainly for reindeer) increased to supplement failing agricultural harvests in times of low temperatures.

When the plague arrived in the mid-14th century, trade and markets in the north also suffered.

With fewer markets and fewer reindeer the activity in the high mountains decreased substantially.

Pictured is a tunic dated to around 300 AD. Researchers have surveyed the edge of the contracting ice and recovered artefacts of wood, textile, hide and other organic materials


Shown here is part of an arrowshaft from 3900 BC which was one of the oldest artefacts to be found. Archaeologists have rescued these threatened artefacts to study the relationship between variability in climate and the intensity of human use in the alpine landscape


An inscription made in the runic alphabet which was used to write various Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet. The translation of these inscriptions are often very uncertain and the researchers often disagree over the right meaning. This stick was radiocarbon-dated to the 11th century AD

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An inscription made in the runic alphabet which was used to write various Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet. The translation of these inscriptions are often very uncertain and the researchers often disagree over the right meaning. This stick was radiocarbon-dated to the 11th century AD



Researchers found there were particularly high numbers of finds dating to the 8th to 10th centuries AD. Pictured is an Iron Age arrow found in Trollsteinhøe

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Researchers found there were particularly high numbers of finds dating to the 8th to 10th centuries AD. Pictured is an Iron Age arrow found in Trollsteinhøe



Pictured is an arrow from 800 AD. Researchers found there were particularly high numbers of finds dating to around this time which probably reflected the increased population, mobility (including the mountain passes) and trade just before and during the Viking Age

Pictured is an arrow from 800 AD. Researchers found there were particularly high numbers of finds dating to around this time which probably reflected the increased population, mobility (including the mountain passes) and trade just before and during the Viking Age

Town-dwellers needed mountain products such as antlers for artefact manufacture and probably also furs.


Other drivers were the changing needs and aspirations of the mountain hunters themselves, researchers found.

'One such pattern which really surprised us was the possible increase in activity in the period known as the Late Antique Little Ice Age (c. 536 – 660 AD)', said Dr James H. Barrett, an environmental archaeologist at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at the University of Cambridge and senior author of the paper.

'This was a time of cooling; harvests may have failed and populations may have dropped.


Pictured are researchers systematically surveying the area for finds. Town-dwellers needed mountain products such as antlers for artefact manufacture and probably also furs

There are hundreds of finds on some of the sites (pictured). During the Late Antique Little Ice Age ( 536 to 660 AD ) there was an increase in activity, researchers found


Pictured is an Iron Age arrow from Trollsteinhøe. Researchers believe when the plague arrived in the mid- 14th century , trade and markets in the north also suffered

Archaeologists focused on Jotunheimen and the surrounding mountain areas of Oppland (pictured)

'Remarkably, though, the finds from the ice may have continued through this period, perhaps suggesting that the importance of mountain hunting (mainly for reindeer) increased to supplement failing agricultural harvests in times of low temperatures', he said.

He said that any decline in high-elevation activity during the Late Antique Little Ice Age was so brief it is not observable from the available evidence.

There is then a decrease in the number of finds dating to the medieval period (from the 11th century onward).

Pictured is fieldwork around Lendbreen Ice Patch. 'One such pattern which really surprised us was the possible increase in activity in the period known as the Late Antique Little Ice Age (c. 536 – 660 AD)', said Dr James H. Barrett from the University of Cambridge

'At this time, bow-and-arrow hunting for reindeer was replaced with mass-harvesting techniques including funnel-shaped and pitfall trapping systems', said Lars Pilø, co-director of the Glacier Archaeology Program at Oppland County Council and lead author on the study.

'This type of intensive hunting probably reduced the number of wild reindeer.'

When the plague arrived in the mid-14th century, trade and markets in the north also suffered.

With fewer markets and fewer reindeer the activity in the high mountains decreased substantially.

This downturn could also have been influenced by declining climatic conditions during the Little Ice Age.

[Neil]

More images of the finds are available on the DW Facebook page.

Cheers
Neil

[nobby]

I dont do facebook 

[probono]

Nice. I always like it when organic finds surface - it adds another layer to human history

[dingdong]

Hey Nobby.. surprise, surprise...neither do I... LOL 😀 !!but those shoes certainly don't look too waterproof...naa..I stick to me wellies.. LOL 😀
Good hunting..👍

[Dungbeetle]

I dont do facebook